It determines the grammatical functions of nouns and pronouns as per their relation with the other parts of a sentence.
In the modernized English there are only three classifications of cases;
- Subjective Case
- Objective Case
- Possessive Case
Subjective Case (Nominative Case)
When a noun or a pronoun functions as a subject in a sentence, a subjective case appears.
Example:
- The officer investigated the case thoroughly.
- I learned guitar during my vacations.
Objective Case
When a noun or a pronoun is used purpose of working as an object in a sentence, an objective case appears.
Example:
- The company’s CEO gave promotions to hardworking
- Samantha is good at baking cakes.
Possessive Case
Possessive case determines a relationship of possessiveness or belongingness between one or more than one noun and a pronoun.
| SUBJECTIVE | OBJECTIVE | POSSESSIVE |
| I | Me | My, Mine |
| We | Us | Our, Ours |
| You | You | Your, Yours |
| He | Him | His |
| She | Her | Her, Hers |
| They | Them | Their, Theirs |
| It | It | Its |
| Who | Whom | Whose |
There is another type of case known as the vocative case which is similar to the subjective case in the matter of spelling. The vocative case determines a subject being referred directly by their name. The referred name is distinguished by a comma.
Example:
- His pen stopped writing right in the middle of the exam.
- My new car has a beautiful interior.