The human excretory system is used in the removal of waste products from the body. It comprises of the following: Two kidneys Two ureters One urethra One urinary bladder Kidneys. Kidneys are the main organs of the human excretory system and are paired in each individual with each one of them located on either side … Read more
Introduction The excretory system works as the balance to the digestive system. While food and drinks are consumed for body nourishment and energy provision, the excretory system makes sure homeostasis is maintained regardless of the nutrition value of food. The excretory system, therefore, regulates adequate salt and water levels, thus regulating the body fluid balance. … Read more
Heart failure, which most time refer to as congestive heart failure, usually occurs when the heart muscle doesn’t pump blood as well as it requires. Most cases such as narrowed arteries in the heart refer to coronary artery disease gradually leave the heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump efficiently. Is not all … Read more
Gout is a type of arthritis which is very painful, and it’s caused by having sodium urate crystals in your joints. These may be present in the body for years without being aware they’re there, but on occasions, they can trigger an attack of gout. The attacks of gout commonly manifest very quick, often during … Read more
The gonads are the primary reproductive glands that are responsible for the production of gametes (reproductive cells). In the men, the gonads are known as testes and in the women the gonads are ovaries. They are controlled by follicle-stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormones. The gonads start development just like the gonadal ridges and later they … Read more
A goiter is defined as an enlarged thyroid gland that causes the swelling of the neck. Goiters are mostly harmless but may require treatment according to the type and size of the goiter. Goiters are caused by an autoimmune disease in developed countries. Physical examination is used to diagnose goiters, but scans and thyroid blood … Read more
The gastrointestinal hormones are also known as the gut hormones, and they constitute the group of hormones that are secreted by the enteroendocrine cells, in the pancreas, small intestine, and the stomach, and are specialized for controlling the different functions of the digestive organs. These enteroendocrine cells do not have any role to make the … Read more
Exophthalmic goiter, also referred to as graves’ disease or toxic diffuse goiter, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. In exophthalmic goiter, there is excessive secretion of thyroid hormone accompanied by enlargement of the thyroid gland. The increased production of the thyroid hormone may result in signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Causes The … Read more
Introduction Exchange of gases in simple organisms occurs directly with the environment, unlike in complex animals where the gaseous exchange occurs the atmosphere and the blood. The need for gas exchange. The process by which cells convert food into energy for use is called cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration produces larger amounts of energy but requires … Read more
In medical terminology, the hormonal system is also known as the endocrine system. Just like the nervous system, the endocrine system is also the main communicator in the body but this system uses the blood vessels for the transmission of the hormones to the specified cells. The endocrine glands are responsible for the proper functioning … Read more