Addison’s disease is an uncommon disorder occurring when the body does not produce enough of certain hormones, hence the term adrenal insufficiency. This disorder makes the adrenal glands to produce insufficient cortisol and too little aldosterone. It occurs across all ages and can be fatal if not treated. Symptoms. Tiredness and fatigue. The weakness of … Read more
Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder resulting from over-production of the growth hormone from the pituitary glands during adulthood. It affects middle-aged adults where the bones increase in size, including hands, face, and feet. Even though it is common in middle-aged adults, it can develop at any age. In children, too much growth hormone causes a … Read more
Absorption of Proteins The absorption of proteins takes place in the jejunum and the ileum of the small intestine. For this process, the energy in the form of ATP is required which is also utilized by the body during the protein synthesis. For the absorption of the amino acids, the body uses the carrier protein … Read more
Absorption of Fats Generally, the fats are not soluble in the water, and due to this reason, their digestion is much difficult. They are hydrophobic in nature so they clump together and make the large droplets, as it moves through the digestive system. By some time, these fats reach the small intestine with no digestion. … Read more
Absorption of Carbohydrates In the small intestine, some cells have the specialized membranes which contain the various transport proteins to get the monosaccharides and the other nutrients to the blood from where they are distributed to the rest of the body. The first organ of the body that receives the glucose, fructose, and galactose is … Read more
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid and it has various important biological functions such as regulation and the expression of genes and in the coding and decoding. RNA is a nucleic acid, and its constituents the major macromolecules for life. RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides. In nature, it is often found as a … Read more
DNA is the Deoxyribonucleic acid that is a long molecule containing four unique genetic codes. It holds all of the instructions to hold the proteins. In short, the genome is made up of deoxyribonucleic acid. It has four basic building blocks, cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thiamine. DNA has the two strands and it has a … Read more
Elementary Idea of Hormones Hormones are also known as signaling molecules. In the multicellular organisms they are produced by the glands and they are transported to the targeted distant organs by the circulatory system for regulation of behavior and physiology in the living organisms. It is a chemical messenger and is directly secreted to the … Read more
Vitamins are essential as they perform the hundreds of functions in the human body. Vitamin A is needed for the healthy skin, tooth, and bone growth, immune system health, mucous membrane and for the vision. Vitamin D is stored in the bones and is essential for the proper absorption of calcium in the body. Vitamin … Read more
Epidermis: It is made up of a single layer of cells with an external coating of waxy cuticle. Epidermal outgrowths are usually absent. Very few stomata are found. Hypodermis: It is composed a few layer of sclerenchyma cells lying just below the epidermis. It gives mechanical support to the stem. Ground Tissue: The ground … Read more