In angiosperms, flowers can occur either singly or in groups. When a single flower is present, it is called a solitary flower. When flowers occur in groups, it is called an inflorescence. The axis of an inflorescence is known as peduncle and the stalk of the flower is called pedicel. There are two types … Read more
Phyllotaxy The mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem is known as phyllotaxy. There are three types of phyllotaxy in Angiosperms. Alternate phyllotaxy: A single leaf arises from the nodes. (e.g. Hibiscus) Opposite phyllotaxy: Leaves are arranged in pairs at each node. (e.g. Ixora) Whorled phyllotaxy: More than two leaves are arranged at each … Read more
Leaves are lateral appendages borne on stem. They are the photosynthetic organs of a plant. They are green in colour due to the presence of chlorophyll pigment. Each leaf possesses a bud in its axil. This Axilliary bud later develops into branches. Parts of a plant Leaf Base: The point where leaf attaches to the … Read more
Leaves are lateral appendages borne on stem. They are the photosynthetic organs of a plant. They are green in colour due to the presence of chlorophyll pigment. Each leaf possesses a bud in its axil. This Axilliary bud later develops into branches. Parts of a plant Leaf Base: The point where leaf attaches to the … Read more
Stem is the axis of the shoot system of a plant. It bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. It is developed from the plumule of a growing embryo. Leaves and buds are borne on stem nodes. Distance between two nodes is known as an internode. Characteristics of Stem Stem shows nodes and internodes. Axilliary buds … Read more
The major functions of roots absorption of water and minerals from the soil and anchoring the plant in the soil. In addition to these functions, some roots are modified to perform certain specialized functions. Such modifications are called root modifications. Root modified as Food Storage Organs The roots of certain plants are modified for storing … Read more
Habitat: They are found in a variety of habitats – polar ice caps, deserts, mountains, forests, grasslands and dark caves. Some of them have adapted to fly or live in water. Examples: Oviparous- Ornithorhynchus (Platypus) – Egg laying mammal. Viviparous – Gives birth to young ones. Elephas (Elephant) Equus (Horse) Delphinus (Common dolphin) Balaenoptera (Blue … Read more
In a typical angiosperm, the plant body is differentiated into four parts- root, stem, leaves and flowers. The root, stem and leaves constitute the vegetative part, while the flowers constitute the reproductive organ. The plant body consists of two systems, an underground root system, and the shoot system (found above the ground). The root system … Read more
The characteristic features of Aves (birds) are the presence of feathers and most of them can fly except flightless birds (e.g., Ostrich). Examples: Corvus (Crow) Columba (Pigeon) Psittacula (Parrot) Struthio (Ostrich) Pavo (Peacock) Aptenodytes (Penguin) Body characteristics: They have a streamlined body that helps them to fly. The jaws are modified into beak. Teeth are … Read more
The term reptilia is derived from the Latin word repere or reptum, which means to creep or crawl. Hence, the class name refers to their creeping or crawling mode of locomotion. Habitat: They are mostly terrestrial animals. Examples: Chelone (Turtle) Chameleon (Tree lizard) Crocodilus (Crocodile) Testudo (Tortoise) Calotes (Garden lizard) Alligator (Alligator) Naja (Cobra) Bangarus … Read more