p-Block Elements: Group 15 Ammonia and Nitric acid Ammonia is a colourless gas.It has a high heat of evaporation in its liquid form. Liquid ammonia resembles water in its physical behaviour. It forms strong hydrogen bonds.Its dielectric constant is around 22 at -34°C.Ammonia molecule is shaped in a trigonal pyramidal with the nitrogenatom at the … Read more
p-Block Elements: Group 15 Compounds of Nitrogen Nitrides (solids containing N3- ions) Nitrides contain azide ions which are highly reactive polyatomic anions. Azide ion forms a weak base that can accept a proton to make a conjugate acid: HN3. Nitrides of electropositive metals have structures with discrete nitrogen atoms and can be regarded as ionic … Read more
p-Block Elements: Group 15 Nitrogen: Preparation, properties and uses Nitrogen is a very abundant element that is colourless, odourless and tasteless. It was first discovered by A Scottish physician, Danial Rutherfords in 1772. It occurs in all life forms with aminoacids, chlorophyll and nuclide acids. The human body contains 3% nitrogen. Nitrogen happens to be … Read more
p-Block Elements: Group 15 Physical and chemical properties Group 15 elements exhibit variant physical properties due to their valence shell electron configuration with completely filled s orbital and half-filled p orbital. Nitrogen is a diatomic gas and the rest of the elements are solid in nature. Nitrogen and phosphorous are non-metal in nature while Arsenic … Read more
p-Block Elements: Group 15 Oxidation state The oxidation number or the oxidation states shows the number of electrons that an atom uses or receives when it forms a compound. It denotes the electrons gained by a substance when it is reduced, and the electrons lost when a substance is oxidized. The oxidation number is -ve … Read more
p-Block Elements: Group 15 Occurrence Like the group 14 elements, the lightest member of group 15 is nitrogen which is found in nature as the free element. The heaviest elements are well known from centuries because they can be easily isolated from their ores. Molecular nitrogen comprises 78-80% by volume of the atmosphere. It naturally … Read more
In group 5 elements, the valence shell electronic configuration is ns2np3. These elements are extra stable due to completely filled s-orbitals and half-filled p-configuration. In these elements, the s orbitals are completely filled, and p orbitals are half-filled. These qualities make their electronic configuration extra stable compared to other p-block elements. Because of the same … Read more
General Introduction Fig 1: The nitrogen family Group 15 elements are also called the nitrogen family. This family contains metals, nonmetals as well as metalloids. There are two nonmetals, nitrogen and phosphorus. These nonmetals usually gain or share three electrons when they react with other elements. Nitrogen and phosphorous interestingly a part of several important … Read more
The common ores of iron are its oxide, hematite, Fe2O3, and magnetite, Fe3O4. They can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. The coke burns in an exothermic reaction. At the high temperatures, the carbon dioxide reacts with more coke to make carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide REDUCES … Read more
Zinc is commonly used metal for making protective coating (galvanizing) because it forms an impervious ZnCO3 layer. Zinc protects irons by being more electro positive. It is also used widely as Cu-Zn brasses because Zn has a low melting point, high structural strength, good dimensional stability. It is ideal for die casting. It can also be … Read more