In three-dimensional area, 3 degrees of freedom are related to the movement of a particle. A diatomic gas molecule has half-dozen degrees of freedom. This set may be decomposed in terms of translations, rotations, and vibrations of the molecule; the center of mass motion of the entire molecule accounts for 3 degrees of freedom. Additionally, … Read more
Water has a commonplace in our daily lives and it is regarded as the typical liquid. Water is one of the most unusual liquids that can be ever encountered. It is often said that life on the earth is dependent on the water, due to its properties. In terms of gasses, the water is one … Read more
In physics, the thermal expansion can be defined as any change in the width, length, volume, and height of any material by changes in the temperatures. In the solids, the thermal expansion is very evident as the atoms of the solids are densely packed. Description of Thermal Expansion in Solids Various solids are made up … Read more
Origin of Pressure Pressure is explained by kinetic theory of gases as arising from the force exerted by molecules or atoms impacting on the walls of a container. In Newtonian mechanics, if pressure is the force divided by the area on which the force is exerted, then what is the origin of pressure in a … Read more
Statement For any dynamic system in equilibrium, according to the law of equilibrium, the full energy for the system is equally divided among the degree of freedom. The kinetic energy of a single molecule along the x-axis, the y-axis and the z-axis is given as , along the x-axis , along the y-axis , along … Read more
All of the thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas are summed up in its equation of state, which determines the relationship between its pressure, volume, and temperature. Unfortunately, classical thermodynamics is unable to tell us what this equation of state is from first principles. In fact, classical thermodynamics will not be able to tell us … Read more
Some gases are made up of molecules. What are molecules? Molecules are a tiny independent unit that behaves the same as the sample, i.e. they have the same chemical properties as of the sample. The kinetic theory of gases has developed a model that explains the behavior of molecules, which should further explain the behavior … Read more
Work done by a gas Gases can work through enlargement or compression against relentless external pressure. Compressing of a gas is also known is the isothermal process. Work done by gases is additionally generally known as pressure-volume or PV. Let’s consider gas is contained in a piston. Two tubes leading to the piston can let … Read more
The zeroth law of thermodynamics is one of the important laws of thermodynamics and it states that if the two systems are in thermal equilibrium with the third system, then these systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other. Heat Transfer Between the Objects In thermodynamics, the relationship is studied between temperature, heat, work, and … Read more
The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy can be converted from one form to another form by the interaction of work, internal energy, and heat. But under any circumstance, there is no creation or destruction of the energy. Mathematical Expression of First Law of Thermodynamics Mathematically, this law can be represented as follows. … Read more