Starvation:
Starvation is a situation when a thread is in waiting state from long period because it not getting access of shared resources or because higher priority threads are coming.
Example:
StarvationExample.java
/** * This program is used to show the starvation problem. * @author w3schools */ public class StarvationExample implements Runnable{ private final Object resource; private final String message; private final boolean fair; public static void main(String[] args) { boolean fair = false; if (args != null && args.length >= 1 && args[0].equals("fair")) { fair = true; } // get the number of available CPUs, do twice as much threads. final int cpus = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(); System.out.println("" + cpus + " available CPUs found"); final int runners = cpus * 2; System.out.println("starting " + runners + " runners"); final Object resource = new Object(); // create sample runners and start them for (int i = 1; i <= runners; i++) { (new Thread(new StarvationExample(resource, String.valueOf(i), fair))).start(); } // suspend main thread synchronized (StarvationExample.class) { try { StarvationExample.class.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException ignored) { } } } public StarvationExample(Object resource, String message, boolean fair) { this.resource = resource; this.message = message; this.fair = fair; } public void run() { synchronized (this) { for (;;) { synchronized (resource) { print(message); try { (fair ? resource : this).wait(100); } catch (InterruptedException ignored) { } } } } } private static void print(String str) { synchronized (System.out) { System.out.print(str); System.out.flush(); } } } |
Output:
4 available CPUs found starting 8 runners 1222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222... |
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