Struts 2 Zero Configuration by annotation approach

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As we discussed how to create a struts application using struts.xml file. Struts framework also provides a way to create a struts application without using struts.xml file. Struts framework provides the annotation to achieve this. A struts application without using struts.xml file is also known as application with Zero Configuration.

Some useful annotations.

1. @Action: It is used for action mapping for execute method or marking a class as action class.

2. @Result: It is used to specify the view screen based on the outcome of execute method.

3. @Results: It is used to define multiple results for an action. It is a collection of results.

4. @RequiredFieldValidator: It is used to perform required validation on the field.

Struts 2 Zero Configuration by annotation approach example:

login.jsp

<%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%>
<html>
       <head>
		<title>Struts 2 zero configuration by
                                 annotation approach example</title>
	</head>
	<body>
		<h3>This is a zero configuration by 
                                    annotation approach example.</h3>
 
		<s:property value="message" /> <br/>
 
		<s:form action="login">
			<s:textfield name="userName" label="UserName" />
			<s:password name="password" label="Password" />
			<s:submit value="login" align="center"/>
		</s:form>
 
	</body>
</html>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
 
 
 	<filter>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<filter-class>
        	org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.
        	filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
        </filter-class>
	</filter>
 
	<filter-mapping>
		<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
		<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
	</filter-mapping>
 
	<welcome-file-list>
	  <welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
 
</web-app>

Login.java

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
 
/**
 * This class is used as an action class.
 * @author w3schools
 */
@Action(value="login", results={
	@Result(name="success",location="/welcome.jsp"),
	@Result(name="error",location="/login.jsp")
})
public class Login extends ActionSupport{
	//data members
	private String userName;
	private String password;
	private String message;
 
	//business logic
	public String execute(){
		if(userName.equals("jai") &amp;&amp; password.equals("1234")){
			setMessage("Hello " +userName + ", 
                                    You are successfully logged in.");
			return SUCCESS;
		}else{
			setMessage("Invalid username or password.");
			return ERROR;
		}		
	}	
 
	//getter setters
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}
	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	public String getMessage() {
		return message;
	}
	public void setMessage(String message) {
		this.message = message;
	}
}

login-error.jsp

 

login-error.jsp

&lt;%@ taglib uri="/struts-tags" prefix="s"%&gt;

This is a zero configuration by
annotation approach example.

 

 

Output:

struts 25 login

Enter UserName: jai and Password: 1234
struts 25 value

Click on login button.
struts 25 final

Download this example.

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