– Indus Valley Civilization – Built advanced drainage systems and public baths in cities like Mohenjo-Daro. –
– Ancient Egypt – Used clay pipes and basins to carry waste away from homes. –
– Ancient Rome – Developed complex sewage systems like the Cloaca Maxima to drain waste into the Tiber River. –
– Ancient Greece – Cities like Athens had latrines connected to rudimentary drainage channels. –
– Minoan Civilization (Crete) – Palaces like Knossos had flushable toilets and underground sewers. –
– Ancient China – Used pit latrines and underground tunnels to dispose of waste. –
– Mesopotamia – Built clay pipe networks to channel waste away from homes and temples. –
– Mayan Civilization – Created drainage systems and used cenotes (natural sinkholes) for water and waste. –
– Medieval Europe – Waste was often dumped into rivers, leading to sanitation problems. –
Persian Empire – Constructed qanats, underground channels, to manage water and reduce waste buildup.